How does metabolic acidosis affect metabolism?

Metabolic acidosis affects metabolism primarily by altering the environment in which enzymes operate. In this condition, there is an increase in acidity in the blood, resulting from an accumulation of acids or a loss of bicarbonate. The low pH can lead to changes in the shape and activity of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in the body.

Enzymes are sensitive to the pH level of their surroundings, and many require a specific pH range to function optimally. When the pH drops due to metabolic acidosis, the ionic and hydrogen bonding that maintains the three-dimensional structure of enzymes can be disrupted. This can lead to a decreased affinity for substrates or a complete loss of activity, consequently slowing down metabolic processes. As a result, the overall rate of biochemical reactions is diminished, leading to a slowed metabolism.

The other options suggest effects like acceleration of reactions or increased energy production, which are inconsistent with the physiological impacts of acidosis on enzyme functionality. Therefore, the correct understanding aligns with the premise that metabolic acidosis impairs metabolic processes by negatively affecting enzyme structures and their activity.