What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats are characterized by the presence of single bonds between the carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains. This structure allows them to be more tightly packed together, often resulting in a solid state at room temperature. In contrast, unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds, which create kinks in their structure, preventing them from packing closely and resulting in a liquid state at room temperature.

The distinction based on the type of bonds (single versus double) is crucial because it affects the physical properties and health implications of these fats. Saturated fats are typically found in animal products and some plant oils, while unsaturated fats, which are generally considered healthier, are found in oils and fatty fish. This fundamental difference in chemical structure is key to understanding how saturated and unsaturated fats function in the body and their roles in nutrition.