What role does adipose tissue serve in metabolism?

Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in metabolism by absorbing, storing, and releasing triglycerides. Triglycerides, which are the main constituents of body fat in humans, serve as a significant energy reserve. When the body has excess energy, such as from overconsumption of food, the adipose tissue converts this energy into triglycerides for storage. During periods of energy deficit, such as fasting or increased physical activity, adipose tissue can release fatty acids from triglycerides back into the bloodstream to be used by other tissues as an energy source. This dynamic regulation helps maintain energy homeostasis in the body.

Other options do not accurately represent the primary functions of adipose tissue. For instance, while insulin is produced by the pancreas and plays a key role in glucose metabolism, adipose tissue itself does not synthesize insulin. Storing excess glucose is primarily the role of the liver and muscle tissue, where glucose is converted to glycogen, and glycogen storage is not a function of adipose tissue. Therefore, manufacturing glycogen is also not a process carried out by adipose tissue. In summary, the defining role of adipose tissue in metabolism is its ability to handle triglycerides, making it essential for energy storage and regulation.